Glashow-Weinberg-Salam model

The Glashow-Weinberg-Salam model, developed in the 1970s, is a framework in particle physics that unifies three of the four fundamental forces: the weak nuclear force, electromagnetic force, and the interactions of elementary particles. It describes how particles like electrons and neutrinos interact through the exchange of force-carrying particles called gauge bosons. This model helped confirm the existence of the W and Z bosons, fundamental to weak interactions, and was pivotal in earning the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics for its creators. It’s a cornerstone of the Standard Model, which explains how the basic building blocks of the universe behave.