Fetal Neural Tube Defects

Fetal neural tube defects (NTDs) are serious birth defects that occur when the neural tube, which forms the baby’s brain and spinal cord, doesn't develop properly. This can happen early in pregnancy and may lead to conditions such as spina bifida, where the spine doesn’t close completely, or anencephaly, where parts of the brain are missing. NTDs can be influenced by genetic factors and environmental exposures, including nutritional deficiencies, especially a lack of folic acid. Early prenatal care and adequate folic acid intake before and during pregnancy can help reduce the risk of these defects.