criminal law theory

Criminal law theory explores the principles and concepts behind laws governing crimes and punishments. It seeks to understand what behaviors are considered criminal, the justifications for punishing offenders, and the nature of justice. Key theories include retributivism, which focuses on punishment as a deserved response to wrongdoing, and utilitarianism, which emphasizes the role of punishment in preventing future harm to society. Additionally, it examines the balance between maintaining public safety and protecting individual rights within the legal framework. Ultimately, criminal law theory helps shape fair and effective legal systems.