CMG (Control Moment Gyroscope)

A Control Moment Gyroscope (CMG) is a device used to control the orientation of spacecraft. It consists of spinning rotors that create momentum; when these rotors are tilted, they produce a force that changes the spacecraft's angle without using fuel. By adjusting the direction and speed of the spinning masses, engineers can effectively maneuver satellites and space vehicles in orbit. CMGs are particularly valuable because they allow for precise control and stability, making them essential for missions that require accurate positioning, such as scientific observations or communication operations.