C3 and C4 pathways

The C3 and C4 pathways are two different methods that plants use to photosynthesize, which is how they convert sunlight into energy. C3 plants, like wheat and rice, take in carbon dioxide directly from the air and use it for photosynthesis in a straightforward process. C4 plants, such as corn and sugarcane, have a more complex method that helps them handle hot and dry conditions better. They capture carbon dioxide more efficiently and minimize water loss. This adaptation allows C4 plants to thrive in environments where C3 plants might struggle, leading to greater productivity in certain climates.