Kranz anatomy

Kranz anatomy is a specialized leaf structure found in certain plants, particularly those that undergo a process called C4 photosynthesis. In these plants, the vascular tissues and chloroplasts are arranged in a unique way: the outer layer of cells (the mesophyll) surrounds a central layer (the bundle sheath) that contains the plant's vascular tissues. This arrangement enhances the plant's ability to efficiently capture and utilize carbon dioxide, especially in hot and dry environments. This adaptation helps improve photosynthesis, leading to better growth and survival in challenging conditions.