bundle sheath cells

Bundle sheath cells are specialized cells surrounding the veins in plant leaves and stems. They form a protective layer that helps regulate the movement of substances like nutrients and gases between the leaf’s interior and the vascular system. In plants that perform a specialized form of photosynthesis called C4, these cells are crucial for concentrating carbon dioxide to increase efficiency. They contain enzymes and organelles that work together with other cell types to optimize photosynthesis and nutrient transport. Overall, bundle sheath cells play a vital role in supporting plant metabolism and ensuring efficient distribution of resources within the plant.