Adaptation to arid environments

Adaptation to arid environments involves physical and behavioral changes that help plants and animals survive with little water. Many plants have deep roots to access underground moisture, thick leaves or spines to reduce water loss, and efficient storage systems like succulent tissues. Animals often stay cool during the hottest parts of the day, store water in their bodies, or obtain moisture from their food. These adaptations minimize water loss and maximize water use, enabling survival in harsh, dry conditions where water is scarce for most of the year.