Byzantium Empire

The Byzantine Empire was the continuation of the Roman Empire in the eastern Mediterranean, centered in Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul). Founded in 330 AD, it preserved Roman law, culture, and Christian faith for over a thousand years. The empire was known for its rich art, architecture (like the Hagia Sophia), and significant advancements in science and philosophy. It served as a cultural bridge between Europe and Asia while facing invasions and rival states. The Byzantine Empire officially ended in 1453 when Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks, marking a significant shift in history and power in the region.