Borno Empire

The Borno Empire was a powerful West African state that existed from the 9th to the 19th centuries, centered around present-day northeastern Nigeria. It emerged from the Kanem Empire and became a major center of trade, culture, and Islamic learning. Borno was known for its organized government, military prowess, and thriving commerce, particularly in goods like salt, leather, and slaves. The empire played a significant role in the spread of Islam in the region and had impressive cities, such as Ngazargamu and Maiduguri. The Borno Empire's influence declined in the 19th century due to internal strife and external pressures.