19th century Chinese communities

In the 19th century, Chinese communities, particularly Chinatowns, emerged globally as a result of migration driven by economic hardship, political unrest, and opportunities abroad. These immigrant communities formed tight-knit societies, preserving cultural practices, languages, and traditions while contributing to their new locales. They often faced discrimination and exclusion, but built networks for mutual support, creating businesses and engaging in labor-intensive industries. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 in the United States marked a significant legal barrier, reflecting the complexities of integration and identity amidst rising anti-immigrant sentiment. Overall, these communities played a crucial role in the cultural tapestry of many countries.