The Republic of China

The Republic of China (ROC) was established in 1912 after the fall of the Qing Dynasty, marking the end of imperial rule in China. It was a democratic government aimed at modernizing and unifying the country. After decades of turmoil, including civil war and Japanese invasion, the ROC's government retreated to Taiwan in 1949 when the Communist Party took control of mainland China, establishing the People’s Republic of China. Today, the ROC governs Taiwan and some surrounding islands, functioning as a separate, democratic entity with its own government and economy. Its status remains complex, with ongoing disputes over international recognition.