Theory X and Theory Y

Theory X and Theory Y are concepts developed by psychologist Douglas McGregor to describe different management styles. Theory X assumes that employees are inherently lazy, dislike work, and need strict supervision and control. In contrast, Theory Y posits that employees are self-motivated, enjoy their work, and seek responsibility. While Theory X focuses on micromanagement, Theory Y encourages a collaborative, trust-based approach, believing that empowerment leads to higher motivation and productivity. These theories highlight how different beliefs about human nature can influence management practices and workplace culture.