The Sciences of the Artificial

"The Sciences of the Artificial," by Herbert Simon, explores how human-designed systems—like organizations, computers, and cities—differ from natural systems. It emphasizes that artificial systems are created to solve specific problems and must be understood not just in terms of their parts but also how they function as a whole. Simon argues that design, decision-making, and the interplay between goals and constraints are key to understanding these systems. Ultimately, the book offers insights into how we can better create and manage complex, man-made environments to serve human needs effectively.