The Kingdom of Spain

During the High Middle Ages, the Kingdom of Spain emerged from a period of fragmentation following the fall of the Roman Empire. It consisted of various kingdoms, most notably Castile, Aragon, and León. These regions gradually united through marriages, conquests, and alliances, culminating in the unification of Spain under King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella in 1492. This era saw the Reconquista, the Christian effort to reclaim territory from Muslim rule, shaping Spanish identity and fostering cultural developments. The resulting kingdom became a powerful European entity, setting the stage for exploration and expansion in the following centuries.