Superantigens

Superantigens are a class of powerful toxins produced by certain bacteria and viruses that can trigger an intense immune response. They work by binding to immune cells, activating a larger number of T-cells than typical antigens, which can lead to an overwhelming release of inflammatory chemicals. This excessive reaction can result in harmful conditions, such as toxic shock syndrome. Unlike regular antigens, which stimulate a specific immune response, superantigens provoke a broad and uncontrolled response, making them particularly dangerous in infections. Understanding superantigens helps us grasp their role in severe illnesses and potential treatments.