Substrates

In general knowledge, "substrate" refers to the underlying substance or surface on which a process occurs or something is built. For example, in biology, a substrate may be the surface where microorganisms grow or the material upon which an enzyme acts in a chemical reaction. In art, a substrate could be the canvas or paper on which an artist paints. Essentially, it is the foundational material or layer that supports or hosts a specific activity or function across various fields such as science, art, and engineering.