biological substrates

Biological substrates are the physical structures or components within living organisms that support and enable biological processes. For example, in the brain, neurons and their connections serve as the substrate for thought, memory, and emotion. In the body, tissues, organs, and cellular structures act as substrates that facilitate functions like movement, digestion, and sensation. Essentially, substrates are the biological "platforms" or "materials" that make biological activities possible, providing the foundation upon which physiological and biochemical processes occur.