Substrate specificity

Substrate specificity refers to the ability of an enzyme to select and act on a particular type of molecule, known as its substrate. Think of it like a lock and key: the enzyme (lock) has a specific shape that fits only one or a few substrates (keys). This selectivity ensures the enzyme catalyzes specific chemical reactions efficiently, preventing unwanted reactions, and maintaining the proper function of biological processes. In essence, substrate specificity is how enzymes recognize and work with their specific target molecules within the complex environment of a cell.