semiconductor materials

Semiconductor materials are substances that have electrical conductivity between that of conductors (like metals) and insulators (like rubber). This unique property allows them to control electrical flow, making them essential for modern electronics. Silicon is the most common semiconductor, widely used in computer chips and solar cells. Semiconductors can be "doped" with other elements to enhance their conductivity, enabling the creation of devices like transistors and diodes that are fundamental to virtually all electronic devices, from smartphones to televisions. Their ability to switch between conducting and insulating states underpins much of today's technology.