Personal Union

A Personal Union in monarchy occurs when two or more independent states share the same monarch but maintain separate governments and laws. This arrangement typically arises from dynastic marriages or political agreements. Although the states are linked by the same royal leader, they operate independently in terms of their internal affairs, such as legislation and administration. An example is the historical union between England and Scotland before they merged into the United Kingdom. The shared monarch symbolizes a connection between the nations without sacrificing their sovereignty.