Austrian-Hungarian Empire

The Austro-Hungarian Empire was a dual monarchy formed in 1867, combining the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary under a personal union. This meant that while both regions had their own governments and administration, they shared a single monarch, Emperor Franz Joseph I. Each part had its own laws and institutions but collaborated on issues like foreign policy and defense. This arrangement aimed to balance the diverse nationalities and interests within the empire, but it ultimately faced challenges, leading to conflicts and the empire's dissolution after World War I.