oxygen-derived free radicals

Oxygen-derived free radicals are highly reactive molecules that can cause damage to cells in the body. They are formed when oxygen interacts with certain substances and can result from normal metabolic processes, environmental factors like pollution, or radiation. While they play roles in processes like immune response, excessive free radicals can lead to oxidative stress, contributing to aging and various diseases, including cancer and heart disease. The body has defense mechanisms, such as antioxidants, that help neutralize these free radicals, keeping the balance between beneficial and harmful effects.