oncogenesis

Oncogenesis is the process through which normal cells transform into cancerous cells. This occurs when genetic mutations disrupt the normal regulation of cell growth and division. These mutations can be caused by factors like environmental exposures, inherited genes, or random errors. As the mutations accumulate, cells begin to grow uncontrollably, avoiding the usual signals that tell cells when to die or stop dividing. Over time, these abnormal cells can form a mass called a tumor, which may invade surrounding tissues or spread to other parts of the body, leading to cancer.