Olmec

The Olmec were an ancient civilization that emerged around 1200 BCE in what is now southern Mexico. Often regarded as the "mother culture" of Mesoamerica, they are known for their monumental stone sculptures, including colossal head carvings, and early developments in arts, architecture, and writing. The Olmec influenced later cultures, such as the Maya and Aztecs, through their religious practices, social organization, and trade networks. Their society thrived until around 400 BCE, leaving behind significant archaeological sites, such as La Venta and San Lorenzo, which provide insights into their sophisticated culture and innovations.