MEMS fabrication techniques

MEMS, or Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems, are tiny devices combining mechanical and electrical components on a single chip. Their fabrication techniques often involve processes similar to semiconductor manufacturing. Common methods include photolithography, where light patterns define the device shape on a material, and etching, which carves out structures. Other techniques include deposition, adding thin layers of materials, and molding for creating precise shapes. These methods allow engineers to create devices like sensors and actuators that are incredibly small yet capable of complex functions, enabling advancements in technology from smartphones to medical devices.