mantle convection
Mantle convection is the slow, churning movement of Earth's mantle, the thick layer between the crust and the outer core. This process occurs due to heat from the Earth's interior causing molten rock to rise and cool, then sink again as it loses heat. These convective currents create tectonic activity, leading to the movement of Earth's plates, which shapes our landscape, causing earthquakes, volcanic activity, and the formation of mountains. Essentially, mantle convection is a crucial driver of geological processes that shape our planet over millions of years.
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Mantle convection is the process by which the Earth's mantle, the layer between the crust and the core, moves due to heat from the Earth's interior. Hot, less dense rock rises, while cooler, denser rock sinks. This creates a circular motion, similar to boiling water. These movements drive tectonic plates on the surface, leading to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and the formation of mountains. Mantle convection is essential for understanding the dynamic nature of our planet and how its surface changes over time.