thermochemical convection

Thermochemical convection is a process where heat and composition differences within a fluid or solid drive movement. In Earth's interior, variations in temperature and composition cause material to become less dense and rise, or denser and sink, creating slow, large-scale flow patterns. This movement helps transport heat from the interior to the surface and results in geological activity like plate tectonics. Essentially, it’s the combined effect of temperature and chemical differences causing a slow, convection-like circulation within Earth's layers.