Rayleigh-Bénard Convection

Rayleigh-Bénard convection is a pattern of fluid movement caused by heating the fluid from below. When the bottom is heated, the warm, less dense fluid rises, while the cooler, denser fluid sinks, creating a cycle. This process forms regular, often mesmerizing, convection cells or rolls. It occurs in many natural and industrial systems, like in the atmosphere, oceans, and boiling water. The phenomenon is driven by temperature differences that create buoyancy forces, and its behavior depends on factors like fluid properties and temperature gradients.