convection

Convection is a heat transfer process that occurs in fluids, such as liquids and gases. It happens when warmer parts of the fluid rise while cooler, denser parts sink, creating a circular motion. This movement helps distribute heat throughout the fluid. A common example is boiling water: as the bottom heats up, the hot water rises, and the cooler water moves down to take its place, resulting in a continuous flow. Convection is essential in various natural and artificial systems, including weather patterns, ocean currents, and heating in homes.