Lisbon Earthquake

The Lisbon Earthquake struck on November 1, 1755, with its epicenter off the coast of Portugal. It is estimated to have reached a magnitude of 8.5-9.0, causing widespread destruction in Lisbon and generating massive tsunamis. This disaster, occurring on All Saints' Day, coincided with fires that further devastated the city. The earthquake killed tens of thousands and reshaped European thought, prompting discussions about science, religion, and disaster preparedness. Its impact extended far beyond Portugal, influencing philosophy and the rise of modern social sciences in response to the tragedy and questions it raised about fate and human suffering.