Kingdom of Jerusalem (historical entity)

The Kingdom of Jerusalem was a medieval state established in the Holy Land after the First Crusade in 1099. It emerged as a Christian kingdom following the Christian conquest of Jerusalem from Muslim rule. Spanning parts of modern-day Israel, Palestine, and Jordan, it was ruled by a series of kings and served as a significant center for Christian pilgrimage and Crusader activities. The kingdom faced ongoing conflict with Muslim forces, particularly under leaders like Saladin. It eventually weakened and fell to the Mamluks in 1291, marking the end of Crusader presence in the region.