Hormonal regulation of bone metabolism

Hormonal regulation of bone metabolism involves several hormones that help maintain healthy bone density and strength. Key players include parathyroid hormone (PTH), which raises blood calcium levels by increasing bone breakdown, and calcitonin, which lowers calcium levels by promoting bone formation. Vitamin D enhances calcium absorption from food, supporting bone health. Estrogen and testosterone also play critical roles in maintaining bone density, especially during growth and aging. Together, these hormones ensure a balance between bone formation and resorption, helping to prevent conditions like osteoporosis, where bones become weak and brittle.