Fermi gas model

The Fermi Gas Model describes how particles, like electrons in a metal, behave at very low temperatures. Imagine these particles as a collection of non-interacting balls in a box, where they fill available energy levels up to a certain limit, known as the Fermi energy. At absolute zero, all the lowest energy states are filled, and none of the particles can drop to a lower state due to the Pauli exclusion principle. This concept helps explain various properties of metals, including their electrical conductivity and heat capacity, highlighting the quantum nature of particles at the microscopic level.