Fermi level

The Fermi level is a concept in physics that indicates the highest energy level of electrons in a material at absolute zero temperature. It helps us understand how electrons behave in solids, particularly in semiconductors and metals. Think of it like a reference point: if the energy of an electron is above the Fermi level, it can move freely, contributing to electrical conductivity. If it's below, the electron is more tightly bound to its atom. Understanding the Fermi level is essential for developing electronic devices, as it influences how materials interact with electric fields and conduct electricity.