Escherichia coli (E. coli)

Escherichia coli, commonly known as E. coli, is a type of bacteria found in the intestines of humans and animals. Most strains are harmless and play a vital role in digestion and nutrient absorption. However, some strains can cause foodborne illnesses, leading to symptoms like stomach cramps, diarrhea, and vomiting. E. coli can be transmitted through contaminated food or water, particularly undercooked meat or unwashed produce. Proper hygiene and cooking practices can help prevent infections. In research, E. coli is also a valuable tool in genetics and biotechnology due to its simple structure and rapid reproduction.