Operon Theory

Operon Theory explains how genes are regulated in bacteria. It describes a group of genes that work together, controlled by a single switch called an operator. When the cell needs a specific protein, an enzyme activates the operon, allowing the genes to be expressed and produce the needed proteins. Conversely, when the proteins are not required, a repressor molecule blocks the operon, stopping gene expression. This efficient system enables bacteria to respond quickly to environmental changes by turning genes on or off as needed, optimizing energy use and survival.