Promoter

A promoter is a specific region of DNA located near a gene that acts as a control panel for gene activation. Think of it as a switch that determines when and how much a gene is turned on, guiding the cell to produce the right proteins at the right time. Promoters provide binding sites for proteins called transcription factors and RNA polymerase, which initiate the process of copying the gene's information into messenger RNA. This regulation is essential for proper cell function, growth, and response to the environment.