cAMP-CAP Complex

The cAMP-CAP complex is a molecular switch that helps bacteria regulate gene activity based on their environment. When glucose is scarce, levels of a small molecule called cAMP rise. cAMP binds to a protein called CAP (Catabolite Activator Protein), forming the cAMP-CAP complex. This complex then attaches to specific DNA areas, turning on genes that allow bacteria to break down other food sources. Essentially, the cAMP-CAP complex helps bacteria adapt by activating genes needed for alternative energy sources when glucose is unavailable.