viral and bacterial pathogenesis

Viral pathogenesis refers to how viruses infect and damage host organisms, leading to diseases. They invade cells, replicate, and often disrupt normal cell functions. Bacterial pathogenesis involves bacteria causing disease by invading tissues, producing toxins, or triggering harmful immune responses. While viruses require host cells to replicate, bacteria can often survive and grow independently. Both pathogens can lead to a range of illnesses, from mild infections to severe diseases, depending on their mechanisms of attack and the host's immune response. Understanding these processes is crucial for developing treatments and preventive measures.