do-calculus

Do-calculus is a set of mathematical rules used to analyze cause-and-effect relationships in statistics and data science, particularly in fields like epidemiology and economics. It helps researchers understand how different variables influence one another and allows them to make causal inferences from observational data. By applying do-calculus, one can systematically decide whether an intervention, like a medical treatment or policy change, will have a desired effect, taking into account potential confounding factors. Essentially, it provides a framework for distinguishing correlation from causation in complex systems.