An Introduction to Causal Inference

Causal inference is the process of determining whether one event or action causes another. In everyday life, we observe relationships—like how exercising is linked to better health—but we want to know if exercise truly causes improved health, or if something else is involved. Researchers use various methods, including experiments and statistical analysis, to make these determinations. Understanding causal relationships helps inform decisions in healthcare, policy, and more, allowing us to identify effective strategies and interventions based on evidence rather than assumptions.