cell signaling pathways

Cell signaling pathways are communication systems that enable cells to receive and respond to signals from their environment. When a signal, such as a hormone or nutrient, binds to a receptor on a cell's surface, it triggers a series of biochemical reactions inside the cell. This process helps cells make decisions, like growing, dividing, or responding to stress. Think of it like a relay race: the initial signal is the starting gun, and each runner (or reaction) passes the baton along, ultimately leading to a specific action in the cell, ensuring proper function and coordination within the body.