ancient military history

Ancient military history explores the strategies, battles, and armies that shaped early civilizations. Key periods include the Mesopotamian city-states, the Greek city-states with their phalanx formations, and the Roman Empire, known for its disciplined legions and engineering feats. Major conflicts, like the Persian Wars and the Punic Wars, influenced political landscapes. Tactics and innovations, such as cavalry, siege warfare, and the use of naval power, transformed combat. This history reveals the role of warfare in state-building, culture, and technology, reflecting how societies adapted to survive and compete.