Unique factorization

Unique factorization, often referred to as the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic, is a principle in mathematics stating that every positive integer greater than one can be expressed uniquely as a product of prime numbers, aside from the order of the factors. For example, the number 30 can be factored into prime numbers as 2 × 3 × 5. This means that while different arrangements of these factors (like 5 × 3 × 2) can occur, the combination of primes for each number is unique. This concept is fundamental in number theory and helps in understanding the structure of numbers.