Turkish History

Turkish history spans from ancient civilizations like the Hittites and Phrygians to the powerful Byzantine and Ottoman Empires, which controlled vast territories for centuries. The Ottoman Empire, founded around 1299, became a major world power until its decline in the early 20th century. After World War I, Turkey emerged as a republic in 1923 under Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, who modernized the nation through reforms in law, education, and culture. Today, Turkey blends its rich Ottoman heritage with contemporary developments, bridging East and West and playing a significant regional and global role.