Treaty of Hyderabad

The Treaty of Hyderabad was signed on September 17, 1948, between India and the princely state of Hyderabad after a military action known as Operation Polo. Following India's independence in 1947, Hyderabad, ruled by Nizam Mir Osman Ali Pasha, initially chose not to join India. The treaty recognized Hyderabad's integration into India, established its status as a part of the Indian Union, and ensured certain protections for the local population. It marked the end of the Nizam's rule and helped solidify India's territorial integrity shortly after gaining independence.