1948 Hyderabad annexation

The 1948 Hyderabad annexation was when the Indian government integrated the princely state of Hyderabad into India, after its ruler, the Nizam, initially wanted to remain independent following India’s independence in 1947. Facing internal unrest and fearing a separatist government, India launched a military operation called “Operation Polo” in September 1948. The operation lasted a few days, resulting in Hyderabad becoming part of India. This event ended the Nizam’s rule, unified the region with the Indian Union, and helped establish India's sovereignty over the entire territory.