The Third Crusade (1189–1192)

The Third Crusade (1189–1192) was a major military campaign aimed at recapturing Jerusalem after it was taken by Muslim leader Saladin in 1187. Key figures in the Crusade included Richard the Lionheart of England, Philip II of France, and Frederick I, the Holy Roman Emperor. The Crusaders achieved some victories, like the capture of Acre, but ultimately failed to retake Jerusalem. The campaign highlighted the complexities of religious conflict and alliances of the time, and ended with a truce allowing Christian pilgrims access to the city while recognizing Muslim control over Jerusalem.