The Plantagenet Dynasty.

The Plantagenet Dynasty was a powerful royal family that ruled England from the 12th to the 15th centuries. Beginning with Henry II in 1154, the dynasty included notable monarchs like Richard the Lionheart and King John, who signed the Magna Carta in 1215. Their reign saw significant developments such as the expansion of English law and the beginnings of Parliament. The dynasty faced internal conflicts, including the Wars of the Roses, a series of civil wars between rival branches of the family. The Plantagenets ultimately shaped the political and social landscape of medieval England.